As we continue to recognize American Diabetes Month, we feel it is important to further explain the most common diabetic eye disease, diabetic retinopathy.
What is Diabetic Retinopathy?
Diabetic retinopathy occurs overtime, when blood vessels in the retina (the light-sensitive lining in the back of the eye) are damaged. The damaged blood vessels leak blood or other fluids, which causes the retinal tissue to swell.
Diabetic retinopathy generally occurs in both eyes, but may be asymptomatic in its early stages. Symptoms can include:
- Seeing spots or floaters
- Blurred vision
- Difficulty seeing at night
Types
Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR)
- Considered the early part of the disease
- Symptoms are mild or non-existent
- Blood vessels in the retina are weakened
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR)
- Considered the advanced form of the disease
- Retina is deprived of oxygen, resulting in new, fragile blood vessels
- Can cause severe vision loss
Risk Factors
According to recent studies, there are two specific aspects of diabetes that can put people at risk for diabetic retinopathy:
- Duration (amount of time as a diabetic)
The longer you’ve been a diabetic, the higher your chances of developing diabetic retinopathy.
- Glycemic control (Maintaining healthy glucose levels)
Maintaining healthy glucose levels is very important. If you maintain appropriate levels, you can help lower your risk of developing the disease. If you already have the disease, you can help lower the progression of it by keeping your glucose levels under control.
Diagnosis/Treatment
The disease can be diagnosed during a vision care exam. Treatment for diabetic retinopathy depends on the stage of the disease. The goal of any treatment is to slow or stop progression.
Remember, annual eye exams are a crucial part of your health care, especially if you are a diabetic. If you have any sudden changes or problems with your vision, contact your eye care provider immediately.